Threat To Imperiled Species, Experts Say

Researchers analyzed potential effects of a legal Rosetta stone software
memorandum issued in March 2007 by the Department of the Interior, which, among other points, advised the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service that only an endangered species' current range need factor into whether the species is listed for protection.The researchers say such an interpretation sets the stage for the creation of sporadically located wilderness zoos that would reduce protections for endangered species and the habitat on which they depend.The analysis shows, they also contend, that the interpretation is inconsistent with the way federal officials have historically defined threatened and endangered species, as most past listings took into account the loss of a species' historical range the land it had occupied in the past.The researchers recommended in two recently published papers that the Department of the Interior set a policy that can be consistently applied to all listings, which they say would go a long way toward protecting species and reducing lawsuits that support or contest proposed listings. They also suggest that the opinion's assertion that only current species land occupation is relevant to listing decisions could do real damage to efforts to preserve species.As these populations contract, we don't want to confine them to the smallest possible geographical unit, said Jeremy Bruskotter, co-author of the analysis and an assistant professor Rosetta Stone Portuguese Levev 1-3
in Ohio State University's School of Environment and Natural Resources.Essentially that's what this current policy sets up a system whereby it's deemed OK to allow species' range and distribution to erode to the point where it's the smallest possible unit.Bruskotter analyzed the opinion with Sherry Enzler, executive director of the University of Minnesota Institute on the Environment's NorthStar Consortium. Their research was published earlier this year in the Virginia Environmental Law Journal, and in a recent issue of the journal Human Dimensions of Wildlife.Congress passed the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act expanded on previous legislation by providing for the protection of any species in danger of or threatened with extinction in a significant portion of its range.At question is the meaning of the phrase a significant portion of its range, which refers to the land occupied by the species being considered for protection. The phrase is a central part of the definition of endangered species.Under the law, the secretary of the interior must decide whether a species is threatened with or in danger of extinction as a result of five listing factors that generally relate to changes to the habitat, disease and predation, or overuse of the species. The law also mandates that listing determinations be made solely on the basis of the best scientific and commercial Rosetta Stone Korean Levev 1-3
data available.The question of what constitutes a significant portion of a threatened or endangered species' range was first raised in a lawsuit over the secretary's 1997 withdrawal of a proposal to list the flat-tailed horned lizard for protection. Federal officials argued that the animal didn't require the act's protection because despite a loss of a third of its habitat to development, large blocks of public land remained available to the species.The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals issued a ruling in 2001 in favor of listing the lizard that essentially set a precedent for future decisions relating to listings of species under the act. The court ruled that a species could be extinct 'throughout … a significant portion of its range' if there are major geographical areas in which it is no longer viable but once was.Several federal district courts adopted this same reasoning in subsequent cases. But in 2005, the Federal District Court in New Mexico dismissed the reasoning of the Ninth Circuit, ruling that a species thriving in sufficient numbers and sufficient health in 1 percent of its historical range does not require federal protection.

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